Sharp EL-5230 Manuale Utente

PROGRAMMABLE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOROPERATION MANUAL®EL-5230EL-5250SHARP CORPORATION04LGK (TINSE0796EHZZ)PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO E

8Operational Notes• Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may breakwhen you sit down. The display is made of glass and is part

98DECAY :NORMALORIGINAL MASSMº=? T= 5719.980034YEARS Program code Key operationsT=-(ln(M≥© M≠))© ; T ; = S ( i1.2118œ-4 ( @ v

99Delta-Y impedance circuit transformationTransformation of a Y impedance circuit to an equivalent Delta impedancecircuit and vice versa.1. Press b 2

100Program code Key operationsZ=Z≥+Z√+Z… ; Z ; = @ v Z1e e + @ v d Z2e e + @ v dd Z3 e e eR≥=Z≥Z√©Z @ v d d d R1 ee ; = @ v 0@ v 1 z ; Z ePrint R≥ i 0

101Program code Key operationsWait i 3 eZ√=R©R… @ v 1 ; = ; Rz @ v 5 ePrint Z√ i 0 @ v 1 eWait i 3 eZ…=R©R≥ @ v 2 ; = ; Rz @ v 3 ePrint Z… i 0 @ v 2 e

102Obtaining tensions of stringsSuppose a bar is hung from the ceiling by two strings such that it balanceswith angles the strings make from the perpe

103Program code Key operationsE=sin(C+D) ; E ; = v ( ; C+ ; D ) eS=W ˚ sin C©E @ a S = W ; k v; C z ; E eT=W ˚ sin D©E @ a T = W ; k v; D z ; E ePrint

104Purchasing with payment in n-month installmentsIf you wish to buy goods with the price of P by n-month installments, thisprogram determines the pay

105Program code Key operationPrint S i 0 ; S eExampleIf you wish to buy furniture costing $3,000 with $500 as a down paymentand pay the remainder in 1

106Digital diceThis program simulates rolling of multiple dice. You canplay a dice game without dice or where there is notenough space to roll dice.At

107How many digits can you remember?The calculator displays randomly created numbers with the number of digits(up to 9) you specified for the number o

9Key Notation in This ManualIn this manual, key operations are described as follows:To specify ex: @ "... 햲To specify In : iTo

108Program code Key operationsIf S<100 Goto AGAINi 8 ; S i D 100; s i 9 @ aAGAIN ; eS=S˚10^(-3) ; S ; = ; S k @Y ( S 3 ) eIf N>6 Goto SIX i 8 ;

109Program code Key operationsWait T i 3 ; T eClrt i 7 ePrint”ANSWER i 1 @ a ANSWER ;eInput X i 2 ; X eIf X Q Goto WRONGi 8 ; X i H ; Q; s i 9 @ a WRO

110Calculation ExamplesGeosynchronous orbitsThe orbit of a satellite about the Earth isgeosynchronous if the period of the orbit matchesthe period of

1116. Press @ c 02 e 5.976 ` 24e.• Use the physical constants function for theG value.• After completion of entering values for variables G and M, the

112Example 1What is the ratio of the sun’s luminosity to that of a star having an absolutemagnitude of 2.89?(The sun’s absolute magnitude is 4.8.)The

113Chapter 8: Application ExamplesMemory calculationsWhen you want to use the calculator for tasks such as adding up total sales,you can perform this

114The state lotteryExampleThe state you live in has two different numbers lotteries. In the first, youmust pick 6 numbers between 1 and 50 in any ord

115AppendixBattery ReplacementBatteries used• Use only the specified batteries.• Be sure to write down any important data stored in the memorybefore r

116AppendixCautions• Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could result inserious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water

117Appendix4. Remove one used battery by prying it out with a ball-point pen or similarpointed object.• Replace one battery at this step.5. Install a

10

118AppendixThe OPTION menuThe OPTION menu controls display contrast, memory checking and deletionof data.The OPTION displayPress @ o (S key) to show t

119AppendixDeleting equation files and programsPress 2 in the OPTION menu to show theDELETE menu.• Press 0 or 1 to delete equationfiles or programs th

120AppendixError MessagesThe following table shows common error messages and suggestions forcorrecting the error.Error no. Error message SolutionVerif

121AppendixUsing the Solver Function EffectivelyThe calculator uses Newton’s method to solve equations. (See page 52.)Because of this, the solution it

122Calculation accuracy• The calculator solves an equation by comparing the values of the left-hand and right-hand sides of the equation through 14-di

123AppendixEquations that are difficult to solveNewton’s method has problems in solvingcertain types of equations, either becausethe tangential lines

124AppendixTechnical DataCalculation ranges• Within the ranges specified, the calculator is accurate to ±1 of theleast significant digit of the mantis

125AppendixFunction Dynamic rangenPr0 ≤ r ≤ n 9999999999*—— < 10100nCr0 ≤ r ≤ n 9999999999*0 ≤ r ≤ 69—— < 10100↔DEG, D°M’S0°0’0.00001” ≤ | x

126AppendixFunction Dynamic rangeBIN : 1000000000 ≤ x ≤ 11111111110 ≤ x ≤ 111111111PEN : 2222222223 ≤ x ≤ 4444444444NOT0 ≤ x ≤ 2222222221OCT : 4000000

127AppendixManagementCharacters,commands andvariablesFor valueof localvariablesTotalProgram titleIf A=0 Goto ABCA¡=A+132 bytes 3 bytes 3 bytes8 byte

11Chapter 1Before You Get StartedPreparing to Use the CalculatorBefore using your calculator for the first time, you must reset it and adjust itscontr

128SpecificationsModel: EL-5230/5250Display type: [14 characters and 2 exponents] × 3 rowsDot matrix characters: 5 × 7 dots /characterNumber of displa

129Dimensions: 79.6 mm (W) × 154.5 mm (D) × 15.2 mm (H)3-1/8” (W) × 6-3/32” (D) × 19/32” (H)Weight: Approx. 97 g (0.22 lb) (including batteries,but no

PROGRAMMABLE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOROPERATION MANUAL®EL-5230EL-5250SHARP CORPORATION04LGK (TINSE0796EHZZ)PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO E

12The Hard CaseYour calculator comes with a hard case to protect the keyboard and displaywhen the calculator is not in use.Before using the calculator

13Chapter 1: Before You Get StartedCalculator Layout and Display SymbolsCalculator layout1 Display screen: The calculator display consists of 14 × 3 l

14Chapter 1: Before You Get StartedDisplay• During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time.• Only the symbols required for the usag

15Operating ModesThis calculator has five operating modes to perform various operations.These modes are selected from the MODE key.Selecting a mode1.

16A Quick TourThis section takes you on a quick tour covering the calculator’s simplearithmetic operations and also principal features like the solver

17Chapter 1: Before You Get StartedEditing an expressionAfter obtaining an answer, you can go back to an expression and modify itusing the cursor keys

18Using variablesYou can use 27 variables (A-Z and θ) in the NORMAL mode. A numberstored as a variable can be recalled either by entering the variable

19Chapter 1: Before You Get Started3. Press e to obtain the result.Follow the same procedure as above,but press t instead of ; instep 1.You will get t

20• Note that, as the variable R already has a number stored in memory,the calculator recalls that number.• indicates that there is another variable

21Using the solver functionYou can solve any unknown variable in an equation by assigning knownvalues to the rest of the variables. Let us compare the

2214. Press @ h to find the height ofcone 3.• Note that the calculator finds thevalue of the variable that the cursor ison when you press @ h.•Now you

23Chapter 2General InformationClearing the Entry and Memories*1Global variable memories.*2Saved equations and local variables by the filing equations

24Chapter 2: General InformationEditing and Correcting an EquationCursor keysIncorrect keystrokes can be changed by using the cursor keys(l r u d).Exa

25Chapter 2: General InformationDelete key•To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/function youwish to delete, then press y. If the

26The SET UP menuThe SET UP menu enables you to change the angular unit and the displayformat.• Press @ J to display the SET UPmenu.• Press j to exit

27Using MemoriesThe calculator uses global variable memories (A–Z and θ), local variablememories (maximum of nine variables per equation), and a last

1IntroductionAppendixChapter 1:Before You Get StartedChapter 2:General InformationChapter 3:Scientific CalculationsChapter 4:Statistical CalculationsC

28Example 2Recall global variable A.1. Press t A.• There is no need to press ; becauseALPHA is selected automatically whenyou press t.Using local vari

29•You do not need to enter an alphabetic character. Just specify thenamed local variable using a number from 0 to 8, or move the arrowto the appropri

30Using the last answer memoryThe calculator always keeps the most recent answer in ANS memory andreplaces it with the new answer every time you press

31Using memory in each modeNotes:• Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automati-cally stored in memories replacing any existing

32Chapter 2: General InformationResetting the calculatorIf you wish to clear all memories, variables, files and data, or if none of thekeys (including

33Chapter 3Scientific CalculationsNORMAL modeNORMAL mode is used for standard scientific calculations, and has thewidest variety of functions. Many of

34Chapter 3: Scientific CalculationsConstant calculations• In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtractionand division behave the

35Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations(cosh 1.5 +sinh 1.5)2 =tanh–1— =0.895879734ln 20 =2.995732274log 50 =1.698970004e3 =20.08553692101.7 =50.11872336—

36Math menu FunctionsOther functions are available on this calculator besides the first and secondfunctions on the key pad. These functions are access

37Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Function Key operations Result5: SOLVEEnter the Solver function mode. (See page 52.)6: Ωsec Sexagesimal numbers

2ContentsIntroduction ...7Operational Notes ...

38Differential/Integral FunctionsDifferential and integral calculations can only be performed in the NORMALmode. It is possible to reuse the same equa

39•To exit the differential function, press j.• After getting the answer, press e to return to the display for inputtingthe x value and the minute int

40When performing integral calculationsIntegral calculations require a long calculation time, depending on theintegrands and subintervals input. Durin

41Random FunctionThe Random function has four settings for the NORMAL, STAT or PROGmode. (This function is not available while using the N-base functi

42Angular Unit ConversionsThe angular unit is changed in sequence each time @ ] ( . key)is pressed.Chain CalculationsThe previous calculation result c

43Fraction CalculationsArithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed usingfractions, and conversions between decimal numbers and frac

44Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and HexadecimalOperations (N-base)This calculator can perform conversions between numbers expressed inbinary, pental

45Chapter 3: Scientific CalculationsDEC(25)→BIN j @ / 25 @ z11001.bHEX(1AC) @ a 1AC→BIN @ z110101100.b→PEN @ r3203.P→OCT @ g654.0→DEC @ /428.BIN(1010–

46Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal CalculationsConversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed,and, while using sexagesimal numbers,

47Coordinate ConversionsConversions can be performed between rectangular and polar coordinates.P (x, y )XY0yxP (r,θ)XY0rθRectangular coordinate Polar

3Setting the floating point numbers system in scientific notation ... 26Using Memories ...

48Calculations Using Physical ConstantsRecall a constant by pressing @ c followed by the number of thephysical constant designated by a 2-digit number

4924 Muon magnetic moment25 Compton wavelength26 Proton Compton wavelength27 Stefan-Boltzmann constant28 Avogadro constant29 Molar volume of ideal gas

50Calculations Using Engineering PrefixesCalculation can be executed in the NORMAL mode (excluding N-base),STAT mode and PROG mode using the following

51Modify FunctionCalculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation with up to 14digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation r

52Solver FunctionThis function enables you to find any variable in an equation.Entering and solving an equationThe solver function is used as follows.

53Solving an equationExampleTr y finding the variables in the equation below.ABCD××=1. Press b 0 to select the NORMAL mode.2. Press ; A k ; B ;= ; C k

54• The value shown on the display for the unknown variable does nothave to be set to 0 to solve the equation.• The answer is displayed on the top lin

55Simulation Calculation (ALGB)This function enables you to find different solutions quickly using differentsets of values in the same expression.Ente

56Simulate an equation for different valuesExampleFind the area S = bc sin A ÷ 2 when:1 b = 3, c = 5 and A = 90° (DEG)2 b = 3, c = 5 and A = 45° (DEG)

578. Press e and then 45 e.• After getting the answer, press e toreturn to the display for enteringvariables.9. Press @ h.• Sides b and c are both the

4Solver Function ... 52Entering and solving an equation ...

58Filing EquationsWhen the calculator is in the NORMAL mode (excluding N-base), you cansave equations in the EQUATION FILE. Saved equations can be loa

59Loading and deleting an equationThe procedures to retrieve (load) and delete an equation from memory arethe same, except that you have to confirm th

60

61Chapter 4:Statistical CalculationsThe STAT mode is used to perform statistical calculations.Press b 1 to select the statistics mode. The seven stati

62Chapter 4: Statistical CalculationsThe following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (referto the table below):• Use I key t

63Chapter 4: Statistical CalculationsQuadratic regression calculationStatistics of 1 and 2 and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic regressionformula

64Correction after pressing _:Use u d to display the data set previously entered.Press d to display the data set in ascending (oldest first) order. To

65Statistical Calculation FormulasIn the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur if:• The absolute value of an intermediate result or ca

66Normal Probability Calculations•P(t), Q(t), and R(t) will always take positive values, even when t<0,because these functions follow the same prin

67Chapter 4: Statistical CalculationsDATA95b 1 0 8095 _8080 _75_7575 , 3 _7550 _ 50–x = I 0 1 e@ P 2 y= I 0 3 en = I 0 0 e= I 0 4 e= I 0 5 esx = I

5Entering the PROG mode ... 75Selecting the NORMAL program mode or the NBASEprogram mode ..

68Chapter 4: Statistical CalculationsDATAb 1 1 2 52 , 5 _ 2 5_12 2412 , 24 _21 4021 , 40 , 3 _ 21 4015 , 25 _ 21 40I 2 0 e15 25I 2 1 eI 2

69Chapter 5Equation SolversSimultaneous Linear EquationsSimultaneous linear equations with two unknowns (2-VLE) or with threeunknowns (3-VLE) may be s

70Chapter 5: Equation Solvers3. After inputting the last coefficient,press e to solve the 2-VLE.• After solving, press e or j toreturn to the coeffici

71Chapter 5: Equation SolversQuadratic and Cubic Equation SolversQuadratic (ax2 + bx + c = 0) or cubic (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0) equations may besolved

72Example 25x3 + 4x2 +3x + 7 = 0 → x = ?1. Press b 3 3 to selectCUBIC of the EQN mode.2. Enter the value of each coefficient (a, etc.)5 e 4 e 3 e

73Chapter 6Complex NumberCalculationsThe CPLX mode is used to carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, anddivision of complex numbers. Press b

74Chapter 6: Complex Number Calculationsb 4(12–6i) + (7+15i) –(11+4i) =( 11 + 4 Q ) e 8.+5.i6×(7–9i)× 6 k ( 7 - 9 Q )(–5+8i) = k ( S 5 + 8 Q 222.+

75Chapter 7ProgrammingPROG modeA program enables you to automate a series of calculations, including thosesimple and complex. Programs are created eit

76Chapter 7: ProgrammingKeys and displayIn the PROG mode, to make programs as simple as possible, some keys andthe display may work in a different man

77Chapter 7: ProgrammingUse of variablesGlobal and local variables are treated differently in the PROG mode.• The letters A – Z and θ, used on their o

6Appendix ...115Battery Replacement ...

782. Entering the program•To enter more than one alphabetic character, press @ a to applythe alphabet-lock mode. Press ; to escape from this mode.3. R

79Programming CommandsIn this section, all commands that are available in the PROG mode aredescribed, excluding keyboard commands and I menu commands.

80Chapter 7: ProgrammingCommand DescriptionKey operationsExamplesi 4i 5Rem TIME TABLEEndIndicates the line is a remark and not a command, thus allowin

81i 6i 7i 8i 9i 9i Ai BLabel LOOP1ClrtGoto LOOP2Gosub PART1ReturnLabel LOOP2If B≥=1 Goto LOOP1Label <label name>Indicates a destination point fo

82Equalities and inequalitiesThese expressions are used to form the conditional statement in the Ifclause. They are the basis for looping and other fl

83Statistical CommandsIn the PROG mode, statistical commands are only available when theNORMAL program mode is selected. If the NBASE program mode iss

84Editing a Program1. Press b 2 to enter the PROG mode and then press 2 toselect the EDIT mode.2. Select the program you wish to edit and press e.• If

85Error MessagesThe calculator displays an error message if a program encounters a problem.The error message indicates the nature of the problem while

86PROGRAM MODEƒRUN ⁄NEW¤EDIT ‹DELDEL ¬º⁄AREA º¤TEMP º‹STATTITLE:AREADELETE¬[DEL] QUIT¬[ENTER]Deleting ProgramsYou can create as many pr

87Chapter 8Application ExamplesProgramming ExamplesThe following examples demonstrate the basic use of programmingcommands including print, input and

7IntroductionThank you for purchasing the SHARP Programmable Scientific CalculatorModel EL-5230/5250.After reading this manual, store it in a convenie

88Program code Key operationsIf T=1 Goto CTOF i 8 ; T ; = 1 ;s i 9 @ a CTOF; eIf T=2 Goto FTOC i 8 ; T ; = 2 ;s i 9 @ a FTOC; eGoto START i 9 @ a STAR

89The Heron FormulaObtaining the area S of triangle with sidelengths of A, B and C using the HeronFormula which is true for any plane triangle.1. Pres

90Program code Key operationS=‰(T(T-A)(T-B)(T-C)) ; S ; = @ * (; T ( ; T - ; A) ( ; T - ; B )( ; T - ; C ) )ePrint S i 0 ; S eEnd i 5 eLabel ERROR i 6

912B or not 2B (N-base conversion)The conversion functions and logical operations can be used in the NBASEprogram mode. The following is a simple prog

92Program code Key operationsY¬OCT ; Y @ g ePrint”OCTAL i 1 @ a OCTAL ;ePrint Y i 0 ; Y eWait i 3 eY¬HEX ; Y @ h ePrint”HEXADECIMAL i 1 @ a HEXADECIMA

93Chapter 8: Application ExamplesT testThe T-test value is obtained by comparing the mean values of sample dataand expected average from sample data.

94Chapter 8: Application ExamplesProgram code Key operationsSTATx i I eData 102 i K 102 eData 95 i K 95 eData 107 i K 107 eData 93 i K 93 eData 110 i

95Chapter 8: Application ExamplesP (X1, Y1)S (X3, Y3)Q (X2, Y2)O (X, Y)X1–XY1–YRRR(X12+Y12-X22-Y22)(Y2–Y3) – (X22+Y22-X32-Y32)(Y1–Y2)2{(X1–X2)(Y2–Y3)

96Program code Key operationsH=X√Œ+Y√Œ-X…Œ-Y…Œ; H ; = @ v 2 A+ @ v 3 A - @ vd d d d X3 e e A- @ v d d d d dY3 e e A eI=X≥-X√ ; I ; = @ v 0 -@ v 2 eJ=X

97Radioactive decayCarbon-14 (14C) is a naturally occurring radioactive isotope of carbon used inthe carbon dating process. Because carbon-14 decays a