Sharp JX-9400 manuali

Sharp JX-9400 Informazioni Techniche (211 pagine)

Marchio: Sharp | Categoria: Stampa e scansione | Dimensione: 1.52 MB |

Inglese

Indice

Claude-Alain Roulet

4

Contents

6

List of Figures and Tables

8

List of Figures and Tables ix

10

List of Figures and Tables xi

12

Preamble

13

Introduction

14

Outdoor airﬂow rate

15

Recirculation rates

16

Exﬁltration

17

Ventilation eﬃciency

18

Airtightness

20

Energy eﬃciency

20

Common techniques

21

Airﬂow Rates in Buildings

22

Tracer decay, no injection

24

Constant injection rate

24

Constant concentration

25

Pulse injection

25

Airﬂow Rates in Buildings 5

26

Airﬂow Rates in Buildings 7

28

Global system of equations

29

Airﬂow Rates in Buildings 9

30

Properties of the ﬂow matrix

31

Airﬂow Rates in Buildings 11

32

Note: y Under condition

34

Source: Sherman, 1990

34

Airﬂow Rates in Buildings 13

34

Airﬂow Rates

36

Source: Roulet et al., 2000a

37

Velocity traverse

38

Test procedure

39

Tracer gas dilution

39

Source: Awbi, 2007

40

Inﬂatable bag

41

Flowmeter

41

Compensated ﬂowmeter

41

Tracer gas injection ports

41

Source: Roulet et al., 1999

42

Node by node method

44

Least square solution

48

Eliminating some equations

48

Simplest way

49

Less than four tracer gases

53

Planning tool

54

Simple measurement using CO

55

Age of Air and

60

Ventilation Eﬃciency

60

Nominal time constant

61

Air exchange eﬃciency

61

Source: Roulet, 2004

62

Measurement method

63

Concentration [ppm]

65

Source: Roulet et al., 1998

69

The model matrix M

73

Condition of the model matrix

74

Factorial designs

75

3-D designs

76

Measurement methods

80

Reductive sealing

82

Density corrections

84

Two measurement points

85

Airtightness 65

86

Airtightness of buildings

88

External fan

89

Internal fan

90

Leakage visualization

90

The stack eﬀect method

91

Airtightness 71

92

Neutral height method

93

Airtightness 73

94

Pressurization method

95

Flow rate diﬀerence method

96

Conditioned space

97

SealSeal

97

Measurements and Measures

98

Related to Energy Eﬃciency

98

Energy in air handling units

100

Heat exchangers

104

Types of heat exchangers

105

Rotating heat exchangers

106

Glycol heat exchanger

107

Heat pump

107

Heat exchange eﬃciency

107

Ventilated

110

Global heat recovery eﬃciency

111

Source: Roulet et al., 2001

114

Examples of application

115

Energy for ventilation

118

Measurement of airﬂow rate

120

Measurement of electric power

121

Simulation results

126

Recirculation

126

Humidiﬁcation

127

Heat recovery

127

Ductwork

128

Contaminants in

129

Air Handling Units

129

Source: Bjo

130

Humidiﬁers

131

Source: Roulet et al., 2000

133

Measurement protocols

134

Selecting the panel

135

Source: Bluyssen, 1990

136

Training procedure

137

Experimental day

138

Principle of the method

138

Injection technique

139

Hot air blower (200 °C)

140

Stainless steel

140

Ø 6 mm copper tube

140

Example of application

141

Evidence for adsorption

144

HVAC systems

146

Common Methods

153

Properties of tracer gases

155

Source: Dietz et al., 1983

157

Mixing tracer gases

158

Tracer density problem

159

Sampling methods

160

Grab sampling

160

Passive sampling

160

Networks, pumps and pipes

161

Tracer gas analysers

163

Objective of the analysis

163

Photo-acoustic detector

165

Mass spectrometry

165

Gas chromatography

167

Chemical indicator tubes

167

Identiﬁcation methods

168

Conﬁdence in the coeﬃcients

170

Regression of the second kind

171

Orthogonal regression

171

Bayesian identiﬁcation

172

Error analysis

174

Deﬁnitions

175

A few statistics

175

Covariance

177

Statistical distributions

177

What is the problem?

180

Most simple error analysis

180

Estimate of the variance

181

Linear equations systems

181

Upper bound of the errors

183

References

187

Unit Conversion Tables

192

Pressure

194

Volume ﬂow rate

194

Mass ﬂow rate

194

Glossary

195

Glossary 175

196

Glossary 177

198

Glossary 179

200

Glossary 181

202

Glossary 183

204

Glossary 185

206

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